Appendix

Table of figures

Mathematical symbols

The Greek alphabet is used for varibles and constants in math notation.

Greek letters Names Common uses Greek letters Names Common uses
\( \alpha A \) Alpha \( \nu N \) Nu
\( \beta B \) Beta \( \xi\Xi \) Xi(?)
\( \gamma \Gamma \) Gamma \( o O \) O(?)
\( \delta \Delta \) Delta Rate of change.(?) \( \pi \Pi \) Pi
\( \epsilon \varepsilon E \) Epsilon \( \rho\varrho P \) Rho Density(lower case).
\( \zeta Z \) Zeta(?) \( \sigma \Sigma \) Sigma Sum of a sequence.
\( \eta H \) \( \tau T \) Tau
\( \theta \vartheta \Theta \) Theta Angles. \( \upsilon \Upsilon \) Upsilon
\( \iota I \) \( \phi \varphi \Phi \) Phi
\( \kappa K \) Kappa \( \chi X\) Chi
\( \lambda \Lambda \) Lambda Wavelenght of light. \( \psi \Psi \) Psi
\( \mu M \) Mu \( \omega \Omega \) Omega Entire set of directions on a (hemi)sphere.

Meaning Symbol
Less than \( < \)
Greater than \( > \)
Less than or equal to \( \leq \)
Greater than or equal to \( \ge \)
Much smaller than \( \ll \)
Much greater than \( \gg \)

\( \infty \) \( \nabla \) \( \partial \)

Mathematical constants

Constants Description
\( \pi \) Ratio between the circumference and diameter of a circle.
\( i \) imaginary number.
\( e \) Euler's number
\( V = \frac{4}{3} \pi \text{r}^3 \) Volume of a sphere

Physical constants

Quantities

Unit name Unit symbol Quantity name Equivalents
Hertz Hz Frequency 1/s
radian rad angle
steradian sr solid angle m² / m²
joule J energy, work, heat Nm, CV, Ws
watt W power, radiant flux
Volt V volt, electrical potential difference, electromotive force
farad F electrical capacitance
Ohm \( \Omega \) electrical resistance, impedance, rectance
Siemens S electrical conductance
Lumen lm luminus flux lm/m^2
Lux lx

Add dB (decibel) as a table.


Gravitational acceleration

Body Multiple of Earth gravity \( {m/s}^2 \) Time to fall 100m and maximum speed reached
Sun 27.90 274.1 0.85 s 843 km/h (524 mph)
Mercury 0.3770 3.703 7.4 s 98 km/h (61 mph)
Venus 0.9032 8.872 4.8 s 152 km/h (94 mph)
Earth 1 9.8067 4.5 s 159 km/h (99 mph)
Moon 0.1655 1.625 11.1 s 65 km/h (40 mph)
Mars 0.3895 3.728 7.3 s 98 km/h (61 mph)
Ceres 0.029 0.28 26.7 s 27 km/h (17 mph)
Jupiter 2.640 25.93 2.8 s 259 km/h (161 mph)
Io 0.182 1.789 10.6 s 68 km/h (42 mph)
Europa 0.134 1.314 12.3 s 58 km/h (36 mph)
Ganymede 0.145 1.426 11.8 s 61 km/h (38 mph)
Callisto 0.126 1.24 12.7 s 57 km/h (35 mph)
Saturn 1.139 11.19 4.2 s 170 km/h (110 mph)
Titan 0.138 1.3455 12.2 s 59 km/h (37 mph)
Uranus 0.917 9.01 4.7 s 153 km/h (95 mph)
Titania 0.039 0.379 23.0 s 31 km/h (19 mph)
Oberon 0.035 0.347 24.0 s 30 km/h (19 mph)
Neptune 1.148 11.28 4.2 s 171 km/h (106 mph)
Triton 0.079 0.779 16.0 s 45 km/h (28 mph)
Pluto 0.0621 0.610 18.1 s 40 km/h (25 mph)
Eris 0.0814 0.8 (approx.) 15.8 s 46 km/h (29 mph)

Pulled table from Wikipedia Read about the relationship to the universal law of gravitation.

Density of elements and materials

Material \( \rho (kg/ \text{m}^3) \) Notes/reference
Hydrogen 0.0898
Helium 0.179
Aerographite 0.2 note 289
Metallic microlattice 0.9 note 2
Aerogel 1.0 note 2
Air 1.2 At sea level
Tungsten hexafluoride 12.4 One of the heaviest known gases at standard conditions
Liquid hydrogen 70 At approximately −255 °C
Styrofoam 75 Approximate10
Cork 240 Approximate10
Pine 373 11
Lithium 535 Least dense metal
Wood 700 Seasoned, typical1213
Oak 710 11
Potassium 860 14
Ice 916.7 At temperature < 0 °C
Cooking oil 910–930
Sodium 970
Water (fresh) 1,000 At 4 °C, the temperature of its maximum density
Water (salt) 1,030 3%
Liquid oxygen 1,141 At approximately −219 °C
Nylon 1,150
Plastics 1,175 Approximate; for polypropylene and PETE/PVC
Glycerol 1,261 15
Tetrachloroethene 1,622
Sand 1,600 Between 1,600 and 2000 16
Magnesium 1,740
Beryllium 1,850
Silicon 2,330
Concrete 2,400 1718
Glass 2,500 19
Quartzite 2,600 16
Granite 2,700 16
Gneiss 2,700 16
Aluminium 2,700
Limestone 2,750 Compact 16
Basalt 3,000 16
Diiodomethane 3,325 Liquid at room temperature
Diamond 3,500
Titanium 4,540
Selenium 4,800
Vanadium 6,100
Antimony 6,690
Zinc 7,000
Chromium 7,200
Tin 7,310
Manganese 7,325 Approximate
Iron 7,870
Mild steel 7,850
Niobium 8,570
Brass 8,600 18
Cadmium 8,650
Cobalt 8,900
Nickel 8,900
Copper 8,940
Bismuth 9,750
Molybdenum 10,220
Silver 10,500
Lead 11,340
Thorium 11,700
Rhodium 12,410
Mercury 13,546
Tantalum 16,600
Uranium 19,100
Tungsten 19,300
Gold 19,320
Plutonium 19,840
Rhenium 21,020
Platinum 21,450
Iridium 22,420
Osmium 22,570 Densest natural element on Earth

^ The above table used table data from here: Wikipedia - Densities various materials

Index of refraction

Material Index
Vacuum 1.00000
Air at STP 1.00029
Ice 1.31
Water at 20 C 1.33
Acetone 1.36
Ethyl alcohol 1.36
Sugar solution(30%) 1.38
Fluorite 1.433
Fused quartz 1.46
Glycerine 1.473
Sugar solution (80%) 1.49
Typical crown glass 1.52
Crown glasses 1.52-1.62
Spectacle crown, C-1 1.523
Sodium chloride 1.54
Polystyrene 1.55-1.59
Carbon disulfide 1.63
Flint glasses 1.57-1.75
Heavy flint glass 1.65
Extra dense flint, EDF-3 1.7200
Methylene iodide 1.74
Sapphire 1.77
Rare earth flint 1.7-1.84
Lanthanum flint 1.82-1.98
Arsenic trisulfide glass 2.04
Diamond 2.417

Pulled IOR table from http://www.livephysics.com/physical-constants/optics-pc/index-refraction/ Seems legit.


More here "Refraction, critical angle and total internal reflection of light at the interface between two media."

Physical properties of materials (rgb values etc) https://physicallybased.info/

Fill in the rest, don't miss the important things! https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/accoustic-sound-absorption-d_68.html

Acoustic belt, 12 mm 0.5
Acoustic tiles 0.4 - 0.8
Asbestos, sprayed 25 mm 0.6 - 0.7
Brickwork, painted 0.01 - 0.02
Brickwork, unpainted 0.02 - 0.05
Carpet, heavy on concrete 0.3 - 0.6
Carpe, heavy on foam rubber 0.5 - 0.7
Concrete block, coarse 0.3 - 0.4
Concrete block, painted 0.05 - 0.07
Cork sheet, 6 mm 0.1 - 0.2
Fiberboard on battens, 12 mm 0.3 - 0.4
Floor, concrete or terrazzo 0.02
Floor, linoleum, asphalt, rubber or cork tiles on concrete 0.03
Floor, wood 0.06 - 0.1
Hardwood 0.3
Glass, large panes heavy plate 0.03 - 0.05
Glass, ordinary windows 0.1 - 0.2
Gypsum board, 12 mm 0.04 - 0.07
Mineral wool, 100 mm 0.65
Persons, each 0.2 - 0.5
Plaster walls 0.01 - 0.03
Plywood panel, 3 mm 0.01 - 0.02
Polystyrene, expanded on 50mm battens 0.35
Polystyrene, expanded rigid backing 0.15
Polyurethane foam, flexible 0.95
Rubber sheet, 6 mm porous 0.1 - 0.2
Slag wool or glass silk, 50 mm 0.8 - 0.9
Snow 0.75
Wood wool cement on battens, 25 mm 0.6 - 0.07

https://www.acoustic-supplies.com/absorption-coefficient-chart/

Absorption ^ tables here to pull data from!

List electrical conductance of materials

Common baud rates

References

Glossary

For use later ...

Algebrarules

Order of operations

Negative numbers